滑雪巡邏隊 Ski Patrol, 戶外緊急照護 OEC, 雪崩, Jams & Pretzels

Jackwabbit

The ski patrol is an important part of wilderness / outdoor emergency care (OEC) of most ski locations in western countries.
之前在另一個帖子講過 National Ski Patrol「國家滑雪巡邏隊」是美國的一個重要的戶外/雪地急救及雪崩救援的服務機構
( http://www.hkcvst.org/forum/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=33&extra=page%3D2 )。其它有滑雪場地的國家都有類似的救援服務。NSP 主要的訓練課程是 Outdoor Emergency Care 「戶外緊急照護」，這個課程是大約與 EMT-Basic 或 EMA-1 相同 ( 但是缺乏 Hazmat 和救護車操作等課程 )。因為 OEC 主要是負責從山上或滑雪徑運送患者至救護車，所以通常並不包括在救護車中的傷患處理和送院服務。

參考資料 (英文):
Outdoor Emergency Care: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outdoor_Emergency_Care
ASPA Library Resources: http://www.skipatrol.org.au/index.php/student-services/library-resources
Advanced Emergency Care Manual (10 ed.):  http://www.skipatrol.org.au/training/AECManual10thEditionfeb2012_-_Ch1_to_9.pdf
Advanced Emergency Care Manual (10 ed.): http://www.skipatrol.org.au/training/AECManual10thEditionfeb2012_-_Ch10_to_end.pdf
ASPA Study Guide: http://www.skipatrol.org.au/training/AECStudyGuide12Mar11.pdf
PPT, pdf, and manuals bank:
http://community.middlebury.edu/~patrol/Class%20resources/
http://samscheller.com/oec/ppt/Chapter%2001.ppt  ( 張最後的數字續步從 2001 加 至 2031, 舊版, 現在是第5版 )
National Ski Patrol, Outdoor Emergency Care, 5ed, 2012, Airway Management:
http://www.pearsonhighered.com/assets/hip/us/hip_us_pearsonhighered/samplechapter/0135074800.pdf

巡邏隊員在每年都要重溫 1/3 的 OEC 課程，以下是一些重溫課程的資料:
Cycle A 2011 Orientation: http://www.wilmotskipatrol.org/refresher/oec5e_orientation_exercise.pdf
Cycle B 2012 Refresher: http://www.greatbearskipatrol.org/dnn/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=RgGjEh86%2F3Y%3D&tabid=36&mid=377

== Fin ==

Jackwabbit

不時我都會在香港的冰雪班講下雪崩意識 (Avalanche Awareness)，但是好多網上的中文資料未必可靠，所以暫時的參考資料都係以英文為主。
參考資料:
What to do in an Avalanche (Nov2013): http://www.wildmed.com/blog/what-to-do-in-an-avalanche/

== Fin ==

Jackwabbit

脫困 Extrication, 把傷者四肢和身體擺回平臥姿勢: Jams & Pretzels
上面原文講到 Jams & Pretzels (Techniques for aligning and extricatinga patient found in an awkward position or confined location), 我在這裡說明一下, and no, you don't usually eat pretzels with jam!
Jam= 果醬或卡住, pretzel =椒鹽捲餅或指傷者扭曲(好似蛋散)的姿勢, 見下圖 1a, 2a, 3a。http://community.middlebury.edu/ ... %20Chapter%2020.ppt
http://community.middlebury.edu/ ... %20Chapter%2020.ppt ( slides 20, 21, &22) 。
這個技術是起源于 Wilderness Medical Associates。